TELANGNA CULTURAL HISTORY

Sathavahanasregime:

        MRP 349/-

                                                     

Gunadya:
u He is the first writer of Telangana.
u He wrote a book Bruhatkatha staying in Kondapur at Medak district.
u Bruhatkatha was written in Paisachi language.
Books written under influence of Bruhatkatha:
Kshemendra : Bruhatkatha Manjari
Somadeva Suri : Katha Saritsagaram.
Hala
u Hala, the 17th king of Satavahanas wrote the book Gadha Saptashati.It was written in Prakrutam. The book mentions about 350 poets of Telangana.
Vakatakas regime
u Vakatakas ruled the northern part of Telangana. Kalidas first lived in the Vakataka kingdom.
u The book Megha Sandesham was written by Kalidasa in Ramtek(Ramgiri in Karim Nagar District)
u Pravarasena-II, the second King of Vakatakas composed a book Sethubandam in Sanskrit.
u Sethubandam was written on Rama-Ravana war.
Vishnukundinas regime
u Janaasraya Chandovicchitti  was written by Guna Swami during the regime of Madhava Varma.
u Importance of the book : 1) It contains dwipada and tripada Poems
2) It contains poems of various types of jatulu
Badami Chalukyas regime:
u Bhavabuthi was the famous poet  in Telangana during their period.
u Bhavabhuti’s writings:
1.  Malathi Madhavam
2.  Uttara ramacharitra
3.  Mahaveera Charitra

Rashtrakuta’s regime

u Amogha Varsha - Kaviraja Margam (Kannnada Language)

Ratnamalika Chandrovicchitti scripture

Mudigonda Chalukyas regime

u Kusumayudha III – Had a tile Vinetha Janayashraya

u He inscripted Koravi inscription

u This is the first telugu prose inscription

Vemulawada Chalukyas regime

u Pampa Kavi - 1.  Vikramarjuna Vijayam

- 2.  Adi puranam

- 3.  Jinendra purama (Telugu)

u Somadeva Suri - Katha Saritsagaram

- Yasashtilka champavu, Sanskrit epic

Somadeva suri had a title Shadwachala simha.

Baddena - Neeti Shastra Muktavali

- Dashadishabharananka

u He had a title Kamalasana

u Rechana – Kavi janashraya

Kalyani Chalukyas regime

u During their period local languages gained prominence in the place of Sanskrit.

Kanduri Chodas:

u During their period Telugu and Kannada languages had same script

u Their inscriptions were in Telugu and Kannada

u Gokarna I - He wrote Gokarna Chandassu

u Udayaditya - He wrote  Udayadityalankaram

u Viriyala Kamasani - Guduru inscription.  The inscription which had Vruttha padyam  even before Nannaya.

Kakatiyas regime 

Rudradevudu -    Neetisaram

Vidyanadudu -    Prathaparudra Yashobushanam ( Alankara                                                                                                                                                         

                                                        Chando Grandam)

Vinukonda Vallabamathudu     -    Kridabiramam

Jayapa Senani - Nruthya Rathnavali, Geeta Ratnavali,Vadya Ra                                      Ratnavali, Pakala cheruvu shasanam, Kaluva

  Kase Sarvappa - Siddeshwara charitra

Marana - Markendeya Puranam ( first puruna in Telugu)

Ketana - dashakumara charitra, Andhra bhasha bhushanam

                                                      Vignanesharium

Manchena - Keyura bahu charitra

Tikkana - Mahabharatam (Telegu translation)

Shivadevaiah - Purushardasaram

Gonabudda Reddy - Ranganada Ramayanam

Kolani Rudradevudu - Rajarudrium, Slokavatricum  (         )

Appanna Mantri - Charu charya (Vidya Grandam)

Yadavakkula Annamaiah - Sarveshwara Shatakam

Mallaiah - Kavi Janashrayam

Baskarudu - Baskara Ramayanam

Appayaryudu - Jinendra Kalyanabyudayam

Krishnamacharyudu - Simhagiri,Narahari (vachanalu)

Brahmashiva kavi - 1. Trylokya choodamani   

2. Samaya pariksha

3. Chathis Ratnamala.

Palkuri Somanatha (1160-1240)

u Palkuri Somanatha was the poet of the Telangana in Telugu literature

u Palkurthi, which was near to Jangaon was his birth place.  He was a shiva kavi.  He was part of Shivatrayam.

u He belongs to Pratapa Rudra-I period

u He took independent ideas and wrote in complete local language

His writings

Telugu writings

1. Basava Puranama (First local dwipada)

2. Panditaaradya Charitra

3. Vrushadipa sathakam

4. Chaturveda saaram

5.  Basavodaharanam

6.  Basava ragada

7.  Sri Basavadya ragada

8. Gangotpatti ragada

9. Chennamallu seesamulu

10. Panditaradyopaharanam

11. Anubhava saram (first kriti)

12. Sahasragana malika

anskrit writings

1. Somanatha Bhashyam

2.  Rudra Bhashyam

3.  Basavodhaharanam

Kannada writings

1.  Basavalinga namavali

2. Sadguru ragada

u His  writings, Palkuri Somanatha has depicted the social life of Telangana and explained the in customs and rituals of Shoodras.  He wrote about Dalits

Vishweswara Deshika - Shivatatva Rasayanam

Gona Buddha Reddy (1210-1240)

u Ranganatha Ramayanam was the first telugu Ramayanam.  It was a dwipada scripture

u His daughter Kuppambika was famous as Telangana’s first poetess

u His son is Gona Ganna Reddy.  He constructed Buddheswara Temple on his father’s name.

u Eshwara Bhattopadhayaya (1262) put the Budhapura inscription. Picturized poetry is seen in this inscription.

Chakrapani Ranganatha

1.  Shiva Bhakti Deepika

2.  Chandrabharana Sathakam

3.  Sri Girinatha Vikrayam

4.  Girijadi Nayaka Sathakam

Kapardi (1300)

1.  Shretha Kalpakavrutti

2. Bharadwaja Grihasutra Bhashyam

3.  Divyapurna Bhashyam

4. Apastamba Sretha sutra bhashyam

5.  Apastamba Griha parisishta   bhashyam

u Gangadhara Kavi -  He wrote Mahabharatha in drama method

u Gandayya Bhattu – He wrote a comment for Sri Harsha’s Kanda Kavyam

Bhaskara Ramayanam

u Four poets wrote Bhaskara ramayanam

1.  Hulukki Bhaskara

2.  Mallikarjuna Bhattu

3.  Kumara Rudradeva

4.  Shakalya Ayyalarya

u This scripture was dedicated to the Cavalry head of Pratapa Rudra-II, Sahini Marana.

u Madiki Singana (15th century)

u He wrote first telugu ‘sankalana grantham’.

1.  Sakala neeti sammatam

2.  Padmapuranottara Khandam

3. Gyana vaashista Ramayanam

4.  Bhagavatha Dashama skandam ( He translated it into Dwipada scripture)

Agastya (1289-1323)

1.  Bala Bharatam

2.    Nala keerti koumudi ( Poetry)

3.  Krishna Charita  (Prose)

4.  Lalita sahasra namam

5.  Shiva Samhita

6.  Mani pariksha Lakshmi stotram

7.  Shivastavam

Explanation:  Ganga devi was Agastya’s disciple.  She belonged to Telangana. She married Vijayanagara’s Prince Kumara Kampana.  She wrote Madhura Vijayam, in which she described her husband’s victory on Madhura. 

u She was the first historian of Vijayanagar period.

Tikkana

u He was there for some time in Ganapati deva’s court. He translated Mahabharatha from Sanskrit to Telugu (15 parvas)

Potana

u Potana belongs to Bammera village of Jangoan Taluq.  He was an important Telangana poet.

u Potana is first revolutionist poet.  He used local words and Sanskrit words equally and wrote in two languages. He was a natural Scholar.

Potana’s writings

1.  Veerabhadra Vijayam

2.  Bhogini Dandakam

3.  Narayana Sathakam

4.  Bhagavatham (Telugu translation)

Vemulawada Bheema Kavi 

u There is no clarity about his time line.  His native place was Vemulawada

His writings

1.  Kavi Janashrayam

2.  Raghava Pandaveeyam

3.  Nrusimha puranam

Mallinatha (14th Century)

Village :  Kolichelama (Medak district)

His writings

u He wrote commentaries to many Sanskrit scriptures

1.  Comment on Sri Harsha’s Naishadam – Jeevatu

2.  Comment on Raghuvamsham -  Sanjeevini

3. Comment on Keerataarjuneeyam -  Ghanta Padam

Elakuchi Balasaraswati (15th Century)

His writings

1.  Vamana Puranam

2.  Chandrika parinayam

3.  Ranga Koumudi

4.  Baahatam

5.  Kartikeya abyudayam

6.  He translated Bhirthari Subhasitha Sathakam into Telugu as Mallabhupaleeyam

Charigonda Dharmanna (15th Century)

u Chitra Bharatham (dedicated to Peddana Mantri).  He had a title Shataghanta Suratrana. 

u Palle Venkata Subbarao has converted Chitra Bharatam into vachanam

u The word Avadhana was first used in Telugu by Charigonda Dharmanna

Kakunuru Appakavi (17th Century)

His writings:

1.  Ambikavadam (Yaksha ganam)

2. Sadhvijana Dharmam (Dwipada Kavyam)

3.  Appakaveeyam  (lakshana grantham)

4.  Ananta vratakalpam (kavyam)

Recharla Padmanayakas regime

Vishweswara 1.  Chamatkara Chandrika

2.  Veerabhadra vijrumbhana

Kavi Vallabha 1.  Pada manjari

2.  Guna Manjari

3.  Bethala panchavimshati

4.  Shoodraka raja charitram

Gourana :  1.  Navanatha charitra

2.  Harishchandropakyanam

3.  Lakshana deepika

Titles

1.    Sarasa Sahitya Lakshana Chakravarthy

2. Prativada madagaja panchananudu

Sarvagya Singabhupala

1.  Sangeeta Sudhakaram (A comment on Sarangadeva’s Sangeeta Ratnakaram)

2.  Rasaarnava Sudhakaram( Alankara Shastra Grantham)

3.  Kandarpa Sambhavam

4.  Ratna panchalika (Kuvalayavali) Sanskrit drama

Koravi Goparaju

u Simhasana Dwatrimshika which was based on Sanskrit scripture Vikramarka charitra

Qutubshahi regime

Ibrahim Qutub Shah

u He honoured poets of various languages

u Telugu poets praised him as Malkibha rama

His court poets

1.   Addanki Gangadhara – He wrote Tapati Samvaranopakyanam or Tapati Sundaropakyanam.  This was dedicated to Ibrahim Qutub Shah in 1565

2.  Kandukuri Rudra kavi :    1. Sugreeva Vijayam (First yakshaganam)

2.    Nirankushopakyanam

3.  Guvvala Chenna sathakam

4.  Janardhana stotram

Explanation:  He was a great poet during that time.  Sugreeva Vijayam was the first Yakshaganam, while Nirankushopakyanam was a social romantic scripture

3.  Ponneganti Telaganarya  :  Yayati Charitra ( First telugu  scripture)

Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah

u In the name of his lover, Bhagamathi, he built the Bagh Nagar (City of Gardens).  He built the city in 1591.

u He honoured Urdu poets Wazahi, Gawasi, Mirza Mohammed Amin.

u Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah was himself a poet.  He wrote with a pen name Malini and wrote Quliyath Quli.

u His Son-in-law Sultan Mohammed Qutub Shah has published his Urdu poems compiliation in the name of Dewan.

u Saranga Tammaiah  :    1.  Vyjayanati Vilasam  

2.  HariBhaktisudhodayam

Explanation:  Saranga Tammaiah was Golconda Karanam.  His book Vyjayanti vilasam is the First romantic scripture in Telugu. This scripture explains about the romances of that period.

u Yella Redy  :  Balabharatam ( Translation of Agastya’s book)

Keeratarjuneeyam (Translation of Bharavi’s book)

Malla Reddy :  1. Shiva Dharmottaram

2.  Shatchakravarthy

3.  Padma puranam

Abdullah Qutub Shah

His court poets

1. Kona Narayan :  Vajrabyudayam

2.  Charigonda Narasimha Kavi :  Shashi bindu Charitra

3.  Gopati Linga Kavi :  Chenna Basava puranam

4. Raja linga kavi :  Kurma puranama

5.  Mariganti Venkata narasimhacharyulu :  Harivasara Mahatyam

6.  Pillalamarri Venkatapati :  Rajeswara Vilasam

7.  Appa Kavi :  1. Ananta Vrata kalpa kavyam

2.  Kavi kalpakam (Lakshna Grantham)

3.  Sadvijana Dharmam (Dwipada kavyam)

4.  Ambika vadam (Yaksha ganam)

8.  Ponugoti Jagannadacharyulu :  Kumudavalli vilasam 

(This is close to the life of Bhakta Ramadasu)

9. Kancharla Gopanna : Dasharathi Satakam

Ramadasu keertanalu

Other prominent poets in those period:

1.  Vishwanadaiah :  Siddeswara Puranam (Dwipadam)

2.  Krishnamacharyulu :  Bhagavathgeeta (Dwipadam)

3.  Penatluri Venkatadri :  Bhuvana Mohini Vilasam

4.   Annam Bhattu :  Tarka sangraham

Chandala Keshavadasu(1876)

u He belonged to Khammam district.

His writings

1. Seetha kalyanam

2. Jola patalu

3. Keshava sathakam

4. Melukolupu

5. Bali bandam

6. Rukmangadha

u He was a telugu film lyric writer

u He has written lyrics to the First Telugu Talkie movie Bhakta Prahlada

u Under his direction Bala Bharata Samajam played dramas

u The famous song “Parabrahma parameshwara’ which is played before the start of dramas was written by him.

He was expert in Avadhanam

Boya Jangaiah

Born :    October 1, 1942

Native :  Pantangi, (Ramannapet) Nalgonda district

Writings :  1.  Jatara (Best Novel)

    2.  Pavuralu ( Poems compiliation)

    3.  Eccharika ( Stories)

  4.  Jagadam (Dalit novel -2004)

Pakala Yashoda Reddy 

Born :  August 8, 1929

Native :  Bijenepalli (Mahboob Nagar)

Death :  October 7, 2007

u Her writings reflected the Telangana language and culture. She was a great orator. 

u Yashoda was called as Ecchemma in her village.

Her writings

1.  Harivamsham in Telugu (Research Thesis)

2.  Maa oori Mucchatlu -1973 (Rural life picture of 1950’s Telangana)

3.  Edurukolu (About the ritual of edurukollu in the marriages)

4.  Ecchemma kathalu -2000 (About the language, rural cultural life of 1960-70)

5. She narrated the rural women folk talk, Batukamma, Peerla festivals.

6.  She had a great command on Telangana Slang

7.  She was Head of Telugu department in Osmania University

8.  She was an editorial board member of Telugu Academy’s Mandalika padakosam, Telugu sametalu.

u During 1990-1993, she was Chairperson of Telugu Official language Commission

u She always spoke in rural Telangana slang 

Awards

1.  Best writer award from Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Academy

2.  Nala Krishna Rao Award

3.  Susheela Narayana Reddy Award

4.  Suravaram Pratap Reddy Award, etc

Devulapalli Ramanuja Rao

Born :  August 25, 1917

Village :  Desaipet, Warangal district

He was at forefront of Telangana library movement. He was a great scholar, Editor

u He served as Chairman of Hyderabad City Central Library during 1966-1973.

u He served as Secretary to the Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Academy for more than 25 years.

u He had associated with Hyderabad liberation movement, freedom struggles and Andhra movement.

u He was member of Rajya Sabha during 1960-62

u He was Incharge Vice-Chancellor for Osmania University during 1972-1975

u He was treasurer for the First World Telugu Mahasabha held in 1975

His writings

1.  Saraswata Navaneetham

2.  Telanganalo jatiya udyamalu

3.  Telugu seemalo samskrutika punarjeevanam

4.  Hyderabad swatantra udyamam

5.  Jawaharlal Nehru

6.  Gowthama Buddhudu

7.  Naa Radio prasangalu

8.  Vegu chukkalu

9.  Kavyamala

10.  50 samvastarala gynapakalu (1929-1979)

Gadiyaram Ramakrishna Sharma 

Born :  March 6, 1919

Native :  Alampur (Mahbubnagar)

Death :    July, 2006

His writings

1.  Bharatha Desha Charita (Kshetra Charitra)

2.    Umamaheswara Charitra

3. Kannada Sahitra Charitra (Dakshina Bharata Sahityalu)

4.  Sathapatram (Atma katha)

5. Panchajanyam (Khanda kavya samputi)

6.  Madha Vidyaranya

7. Dasharupakasaram (Rupa Lakshana Grantham)

u He was awarded Kendr a Sahitya Academy Award in 2007.

 Madireddy Sulochana

Born :  1936

Native :  Shamshabad

u She was the first writer to write in Telangana slang.

1. Jeevana yatra (Her first novel)

2.  Sandya ragam

3.  Pantulamma (This novel depicts the Telangana Feudal culture)

       4.  Taram marindi

Seshadri Ramana Kavulu

u Dhupati Seshacharyulu (1890-1940) and Dhupati Venkata Ramanacharyulu are together called as Seshadri Ramana Kavulu.

u They inscripted Ramappa, Pakala, Kolanupaka inscriptions.

u They conducted All Andhra Historical summit in 1931. They wrote introductionto the Golconda Kavula Sanchika of Suravaram Pratapa Reddy

Their Writings

1. Vasu Charithra Vyakya

2. Andhra Pada Vidhanamu

3. Reddy Kula Nirnaya Chandrika

4. Medhini Haaravali

5. Nigantu Vivaranamu

Dr. Cingireddy Narayana Reddy

Birth :    1931 July 29

Native place :     Hanumajipeta (Karimnagar) 

u He was famous as cinare.

u He was not only expert in Traditional poetry, he is exponent in Modern poetry.

u He served as Professor of Telugu in Osmania University

u He served as Chairman of Official Language commission

u He served as Vice Chancellor to Ambedkar  Open University and Telugu University.

u Presently he is chairman of Andhra Saraswata Parishad

Writings

1. Vishwambara

2. Karpura Vasantharayalu

3. Mukamuki

4. Kalam Sakshiga

5. Bhugolamanta Manishi

6. Nagarjuna Sagaram

7. Madhya tharagathi mandahaasam

8. Samadarshanam

9. Prapancha Nadulu

10. Matti Manishi Akasham

u His scripture Vishwambhara was selected for Gyanpeeth in 1988.

In 1992, Indian Government has honoured him with Padma Bhushan

u His literary work Mantalu-Manavudu was selected for Kendra Sahitya Academy Award.

u He introduced Ghazal poetry of Urdu Language into Telugu.  He wrote songs to many movies. 

Samala Sada Shiva 

Born :     1928 May 11

Native place :      Dahegaon (Adilabad)

Death :     August 7, 2012

u He is the first write who introduced Hindustani music to Telugu people.

His Writings

1. Mirza Galib

2. Urdu Sahithya Charithra

3. Urdu Kavula kavitha samagri

Essay Editions

1. Yadi

2. Malaya Maruthalu 

3. Sangeetha Shikaralu

Digambara Kavulu

1. Nikhileshwar    - 1. Mee andhariki Salam Valekum

                                            2. Maro Bharatham 

2. CherabandaRaju    - 1. Vande mataram

2. Palle pilusthundi

3. Jwalamukhi - Chethana Varthana Kavulu

1. Pervaram Jagannadham - 1. Garuda puranam

2. Vrushaba puranam

Philosophical poets  

1. Mandadi Krishna Reddy    -    Banisa (Novel)

2. Boya Jangaiah    -    Jathara

3. Sunkireddy Narayana Reddy   -   Thova Ekkada (1994)

Revolutionary poets

1. Allam Rajayya -    1. Komaram Bheem (Novel)

                                        2. Gayapadda Udhayam

2. S.V. Satya Narayana      -    Viplava Shankam

3. Dr. N. Gopi      - Mailu Rayi (1987)

Dalit & Bahujan Poets

1. Pulipati Guruswami - Jeeviganji 

2. Gopagani Ravinder - Ankuram

3. Doddi Rammurthy    - Bokkena Lolli

4. Kandukuri Durga - Isuka gonthulu

5. Hara Gopal - Mulakam 

6. M. Venkat - Ena (1999)

7. Vemula Yellaiah - 1. Kakka

                                          2. Siddi

Progressive poets 

1. Avula Pitchaiah      -      Vetti chakiri

2. Kanchanapalli China Venta Rama Rao : Aruna Rekalu

 Gnanapeeth Receipeints of Telangana

1. C. Narayana Reddy     -       Vishwambara (1988) first Telangana poet 

2. Ravuri Bharadwaja     -       Pakudu Rallu (2012)

Other poets

1. Parashurama Panthula Linga murthy : Seetharamanjaneya Samvadam

2. Mallikarjuna Siddayogi :  Gowda puranam (Dwipada)

3. Pregadaraju Chenna Krishna kavi :  Savitri charitra (Suvvi chandassu)

4. Siripragada Dharmanna :  Nala Charitra (Like Shringara Naisadam)

5. Kanadam Peddana Somayaji :  Mukunda vilasam (prabhandam) He was called as modern Peddanna

6.  Mariganti Narasimhacharyulu :  Talanka nandini parinayam

7.  Bukkapatnam Keeriti Venkatacharyulu :  Achalatmaja parinayam

8.  Dharmapuri Seshachala kavi :  Narasimha Sathakam

9.  Nandini Sidhaa Reddy :    Godavari Loya ( 1981)